Class: Otu

Inherits:
ApplicationRecord show all
Includes:
Housekeeping, DwcExtensions, MatrixHooks, Shared::BiologicalAssociations, Shared::Citations, Shared::Confidences, Shared::DataAttributes, Shared::Depictions, Shared::HasPapertrail, Shared::Identifiers, Shared::IsData, Shared::Loanable, Shared::MatrixHooks::Member, Shared::Notes, Shared::Observations, Shared::OriginRelationship, Shared::Tags, Shared::Taxonomy, SoftValidation
Defined in:
app/models/otu.rb

Overview

An Otu (loosely, operational taxonomic unit) can be thought of as a unit of study. In most cases an otu is a taxon.

An Otu is defined by its underlying data and may be labeled with a name (TaxonName). Otus are used to represent rows in matrices, taxon pages, individuals or populations, or arbitrary clusters of organisms (e.g. 'unsorted specimens in this container'). Otus are a primary unit of work in TaxonWorks.

OTU is labeled with a name, either arbitrarily given or specifically linked to a taxon_name_id.

TODO Semantics vs. taxon_name_id

Defined Under Namespace

Modules: DwcExtensions, MatrixHooks Classes: Autocomplete, Filter

Constant Summary collapse

GRAPH_ENTRY_POINTS = 
[:asserted_distributions, :biological_associations, :common_names, :contents, :data_attributes]

Constants included from SoftValidation

SoftValidation::ANCESTORS_WITH_SOFT_VALIDATIONS

Instance Attribute Summary collapse

Class Method Summary collapse

Instance Method Summary collapse

Methods included from Shared::IsData

#errors_excepting, #full_error_messages_excepting, #identical, #is_community?, #is_destroyable?, #is_editable?, #is_in_use?, #is_in_users_projects?, #metamorphosize, #similar

Methods included from MatrixHooks

#member_of_new_matrix_row_items, #member_of_old_matrix_row_items

Methods included from Shared::MatrixHooks::Member

#member_add_matrix_columns, #member_add_matrix_rows, #member_add_to_matrix_items, #member_of_new_matrix_column_items, #member_of_new_matrix_row_items, #member_of_old_matrix_column_items, #member_of_old_matrix_row_items, #member_remove_from_matrix_items, #member_remove_matrix_columns, #member_remove_matrix_rows, #member_syncronize_matrices, #member_update_matrix_items?

Methods included from Shared::OriginRelationship

#new_objects, #old_objects, #reject_origin_relationships, #set_origin

Methods included from Shared::HasPapertrail

#attribute_updated, #attribute_updater

Methods included from Shared::Confidences

#reject_confidences

Methods included from Shared::Loanable

#has_been_loaned?, #is_loanable?, #loan_return_date, #on_loan?, #times_loaned

Methods included from Shared::Depictions

#has_depictions?, #image_array=, #reject_depictions, #reject_images

Methods included from Shared::Tags

#reject_tags, #tag_with, #tagged?, #tagged_with?

Methods included from Shared::Notes

#concatenated_notes_string, #reject_notes

Methods included from Shared::Identifiers

#dwc_occurrence_id, #identified?, #next_by_identifier, #previous_by_identifier, #reject_identifiers

Methods included from Shared::DataAttributes

#import_attributes, #internal_attributes, #keyword_value_hash, #reject_data_attributes

Methods included from Shared::Citations

#cited?, #mark_citations_for_destruction, #nomenclature_date, #origin_citation_source_id, #reject_citations, #requires_citation?, #sources_by_topic_id

Methods included from SoftValidation

#clear_soft_validations, #fix_for, #fix_soft_validations, #soft_fixed?, #soft_valid?, #soft_validate, #soft_validated?, #soft_validations, #soft_validators

Methods included from Housekeeping

#has_polymorphic_relationship?

Methods inherited from ApplicationRecord

transaction_with_retry

Instance Attribute Details

#name ⇒ String

A label for the OTU.

Returns:

  • (String) 


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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 24

class Otu < ApplicationRecord
  include Housekeeping
  include SoftValidation
  # include Shared::AlternateValues   # No alternate values on Name!!
  include Shared::Citations          # TODO: have to think hard about this vs. using Nico's framework
  include Shared::DataAttributes
  include Shared::Identifiers
  include Shared::Notes
  include Shared::Tags
  include Shared::Depictions
  include Shared::Loanable
  include Shared::Confidences
  include Shared::Observations
  include Shared::BiologicalAssociations
  include Shared::HasPapertrail
  include Shared::OriginRelationship

  include Shared::Taxonomy
  include Otu::DwcExtensions

  include Shared::MatrixHooks::Member
  include Otu::MatrixHooks

  include Shared::IsData

  is_origin_for 'Sequence', 'Extract'

  GRAPH_ENTRY_POINTS = [:asserted_distributions, :biological_associations, :common_names, :contents, :data_attributes]

  belongs_to :taxon_name, inverse_of: :otus
  belongs_to :protonym, -> { where(type: 'Protonym') }, foreign_key: :taxon_name_id

  has_many :asserted_distributions, inverse_of: :otu, dependent: :restrict_with_error

  has_many :biological_associations, as: :biological_association_subject, inverse_of: :biological_association_subject, dependent: :restrict_with_error
  has_many :related_biological_associations, as: :biological_association_object, inverse_of: :biological_association_object, class_name: 'BiologicalAssociation', dependent: :restrict_with_error

  has_many :taxon_determinations, inverse_of: :otu, dependent: :destroy # TODO: change
  has_many :collection_objects, through: :taxon_determinations, source: :biological_collection_object, inverse_of: :otus
  has_many :type_materials, through: :protonym

  has_many :extracts, through: :collection_objects, source: :extracts
  has_many :sequences, through: :extracts, source: :derived_sequences

  has_many :collecting_events, -> { distinct }, through: :collection_objects
  has_many :common_names, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :collection_profiles, dependent: :restrict_with_error  # @proceps dependent: what? DD: profile should never be update, a new profile should be created insted
  
  has_many :contents, inverse_of: :otu, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :public_contents, inverse_of: :otu, dependent: :destroy

  has_many :geographic_areas_from_asserted_distributions, through: :asserted_distributions, source: :geographic_area
  has_many :geographic_areas_from_collecting_events, through: :collecting_events, source: :geographic_area
  has_many :georeferences, through: :collecting_events

  has_many :content_topics, through: :contents, source: :topic

  scope :with_taxon_name_id, -> (taxon_name_id) { where(taxon_name_id: taxon_name_id) }
  scope :with_name, -> (name) { where(name: name) }

  validate :check_required_fields

  soft_validate(:sv_taxon_name, set: :taxon_name)
  soft_validate(:sv_duplicate_otu, set: :duplicate_otu)

  accepts_nested_attributes_for :common_names, allow_destroy: true

  # @return Scope
  def self.alphabetically
    includes(:taxon_name).select('otus.*, taxon_names.cached').references(:taxon_names).order('taxon_names.cached ASC')
  end

  # @param [Integer] otu_id
  # @param [String] rank_class
  # @return [Scope]
  #    Otu.joins(:taxon_name).where(taxon_name: q).to_sql
  def self.self_and_descendants_of(otu_id, rank_class = nil)
    if o = Otu.joins(:taxon_name).find(otu_id)
      if rank_class.nil?
        joins(:taxon_name).
          where('cached_valid_taxon_name_id IN (?)', o.taxon_name.self_and_descendants.pluck(:id)) #this also covers synonyms of self
      else
        joins(:taxon_name).
          where('cached_valid_taxon_name_id IN (?)', o.taxon_name.self_and_descendants.pluck(:id)).
          where( 'taxon_names.rank_class = ?', rank_class)
      end
    else # no taxon name just return self in scope
      Otu.where(id: otu_id)
    end
  end

  # @return [Otu::ActiveRecordRelation]
  #
  # All OTUs that are synonymous/same/matching target, for either
  #    historical and pragmatic (i.e. share the same `taxon_name_id`), or
  #    nomenclatural reasons (are synonyms of the taxon name). Includes self.
  #
  def self.coordinate_otus(otu_id)
    begin
      i = Otu.joins(:taxon_name).find(otu_id)
      j = i.taxon_name.cached_valid_taxon_name_id
      o = Otu.arel_table
      t = TaxonName.arel_table

      q = o.join(t, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin).on(
        o[:taxon_name_id].eq( t[:id] ).and(t[:cached_valid_taxon_name_id].eq(j))
      )

      Otu.joins(q.join_sources)
    rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
      Otu.where(id: otu_id)
    end
  end

  # TODO: This is coordinate otus with children, 
  #       It should probably be renamed coordinate
  # @return [Otu::ActiveRecordRelation]
  #   all OTUs linked to the taxon_name_id, it descendants, and
  #   any synonym of any of the previous
  #   linked directly to the taxon name
  #   !! Invalid taxon_name_ids return nothing
  #   !! Taxon names with synonyms return the OTUs of their synonyms
  # @param taxon_name_id [The id of a valid TaxonName]
  def self.descendant_of_taxon_name(taxon_name_id)
    o = Otu.arel_table
    t = TaxonName.arel_table
    h = TaxonNameHierarchy.arel_table

    q = o.join(t, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin).on(
      o[:taxon_name_id].eq( t[:id]))
      .join(h, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin).on(
        t[:cached_valid_taxon_name_id].eq(h[:descendant_id]))

    Otu.joins(q.join_sources).where(h[:ancestor_id].eq(taxon_name_id).to_sql)
  end

  # return [Scope] the Otus bound to that taxon name and its descendants
  def self.for_taxon_name(taxon_name)
    if taxon_name.kind_of?(String) || taxon_name.kind_of?(Integer)
      tn = TaxonName.find(taxon_name)
    else
      tn = taxon_name
    end
    Otu.joins(taxon_name: [:ancestor_hierarchies]).where(taxon_name_hierarchies: {ancestor_id: tn.id})
  end

  # TODO: This need to be renamed to reflect "simple" association
  def self.batch_preview(file: nil, ** args)
    # f     = CSV.read(file, headers: true, col_sep: "\t", skip_blanks: true, header_converters: :symbol)
    @otus = []
    File.open(file).each do |row|
      name = row.strip
      next if name.blank?
      @otus.push(Otu.new(name: row.strip))
    end
    @otus
  end

  def self.batch_create(otus: {}, ** args)
    new_otus = []
    begin
      Otu.transaction do
        otus.each_key do |k|
          o = Otu.new(otus[k])
          o.save!
          new_otus.push(o)
        end
      end
    rescue
      return false
    end
    new_otus
  end

  # @param used_on [String] required, one of `AssertedDistribution`, `Content`, `BiologicalAssociation`, `TaxonDetermination`
  # @return [Scope]
  #   the max 10 most recently used otus, as `used_on`
  def self.used_recently(user_id, project_id, used_on = '')
    t = case used_on
        when 'AssertedDistribution'
          AssertedDistribution.arel_table
        when 'Content'
          Content.arel_table
        when 'BiologicalAssociation'
          BiologicalAssociation.arel_table
        when 'TaxonDetermination'
          TaxonDetermination.arel_table
        else
          return Otu.none
        end

    p = Otu.arel_table

    # i is a select manager
    i = case used_on
        when 'BiologicalAssociation'
          t.project(t['biological_association_object_id'], t['updated_at']).from(t)
            .where(
              t['updated_at'].gt(1.weeks.ago).and(
                t['biological_association_object_type'].eq('Otu')
              )
            )
              .where(t['created_by_id'].eq(user_id))
              .where(t['project_id'].eq(project_id))
              .order(t['updated_at'].desc)
        else
          t.project(t['otu_id'], t['updated_at']).from(t)
            .where(t['updated_at'].gt( 1.weeks.ago ))
            .where(t['created_by_id'].eq(user_id))
            .where(t['project_id'].eq(project_id))
            .order(t['updated_at'].desc)
        end

    z = i.as('recent_t')

    case used_on
    when 'BiologicalAssociation'
      j = Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin.new(z, Arel::Nodes::On.new(
        z['biological_association_object_id'].eq(p['id'])
      ))
    else
      j = Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin.new(z, Arel::Nodes::On.new(z['otu_id'].eq(p['id'])))
    end

    Otu.joins(j).pluck(:id).uniq
  end

  # @params target [String] required, one of nil, `AssertedDistribution`, `Content`, `BiologicalAssociation`, 'TaxonDetermination'
  # @return [Hash] otus optimized for user selection
  def self.select_optimized(user_id, project_id, target = nil)
    r = used_recently(user_id, project_id, target)
    h = {
      quick: [],
      pinboard: Otu.pinned_by(user_id).where(project_id: project_id).to_a,
      recent: []
    }

    if target && !r.empty?
      h[:recent] = (
        Otu.where('"otus"."id" IN (?)', r.first(10) ).to_a +
        Otu.where(project_id: project_id, created_by_id: user_id, created_at: 3.hours.ago..Time.now)
        .order('updated_at DESC')
        .limit(3).to_a
      ).uniq.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
      h[:quick] = (
        Otu.pinned_by(user_id).pinboard_inserted.where(project_id: project_id).to_a +
        Otu.where('"otus"."id" IN (?)', r.first(4) ).to_a).uniq.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
    else
      h[:recent] = Otu.where(project_id: project_id).order('updated_at DESC').limit(10).to_a.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
      h[:quick] = Otu.pinned_by(user_id).pinboard_inserted.where(pinboard_items: {project_id: project_id}).to_a.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
    end

    h
  end

  def current_collection_objects
    collection_objects.where(taxon_determinations: {position: 1})
  end

  # @return [Boolean]
  #   whether or not this otu is coordinate (see coordinate_otus) with this otu
  def coordinate_with?(otu_id)
    Otu.coordinate_otus(otu_id).where(otus: {id: id}).any?
  end

  # TODO: Deprecate for helper method, HTML does not belong here
  def otu_name
    if !name.blank?
      name
    elsif !taxon_name_id.nil?
      taxon_name.cached_html_name_and_author_year
    else
      nil
    end
  end

  # TODO: move to helper method likely
  def distribution_geoJSON
    a_ds = Gis::GeoJSON.feature_collection(geographic_areas_from_asserted_distributions, :asserted_distributions)
    c_os = Gis::GeoJSON.feature_collection(collecting_events, :collecting_events_georeferences)
    c_es = Gis::GeoJSON.feature_collection(geographic_areas_from_collecting_events, :collecting_events_geographic_area)
    Gis::GeoJSON.aggregation([a_ds, c_os, c_es], :distribution)
  end

  # TODO: need's spec
  # A convienence method to wrap coordinate_otus and descendant_of_taxon_name
  # @return Scope
  def coordinate_otus_with_children
    if taxon_name_id.nil?
      Otu.coordinate_otus(id)
    else
      Otu.descendant_of_taxon_name(taxon_name.valid_taxon_name.id)     
    end
  end

  # @return [Array]
  #   of ancestral otu_ids
  # !! This method does not fork, as soon as 2 ancestors are
  # !! hit the list terminates.
  def ancestor_otu_ids(prefer_unlabelled_otus: true)
    ids =  []
    a = parent_otu_id(prefer_unlabelled_otus: true)
    while a
      ids.push a
      b = Otu.find(a)
      a = b.parent_otu_id(prefer_unlabelled_otus: true)
    end
    ids
  end

  # @return [Array]
  #   all bilogical associations this Otu is part of
  def all_biological_associations
    # !! If self relationships are ever made possible this needs a DISTINCT clause
    BiologicalAssociation.find_by_sql(
      "SELECT biological_associations.*
         FROM biological_associations
         WHERE biological_associations.biological_association_subject_id = #{self.id}
           AND biological_associations.biological_association_subject_type = 'Otu'
       UNION
       SELECT biological_associations.*
         FROM biological_associations
         WHERE biological_associations.biological_association_object_id = #{self.id}
           AND biological_associations.biological_association_object_type = 'Otu' ")
  end

  # @return [Otu#id, nil, false]
  #  nil - there is no OTU parent with a valid taxon name possible
  #  false - there is > 1 OTU parent with a valid taxon name possible
  #  id - the (unambiguous) id of the nearest parent OTU attached to a valid taoxn name
  #
  #  Note this is used CoLDP export. Do not change without considerations there.
  def parent_otu_id(skip_ranks: [], prefer_unlabelled_otus: false)
    return nil if taxon_name_id.nil?

    # TODO: Unify to a single query

    candidates = TaxonName.joins(:otus, :descendant_hierarchies)
      .that_is_valid
      .where.not(id: taxon_name_id)
      .where(taxon_name_hierarchies: {descendant_id: taxon_name_id})
      .where.not(rank_class: skip_ranks)
      .order('taxon_name_hierarchies.generations')
      .limit(1)
      .pluck(:id)

    if candidates.size == 1
      otus = Otu.where(taxon_name_id: candidates.first).to_a
      otus.select! { |o| o.name.nil? } if prefer_unlabelled_otus && otus.size > 1

      if otus.size == 1
        return otus.first.id
      elsif otus.size > 1
        return false
      else
        return nil
      end
    else
      return nil
    end
  end

  # temporary method to gent list of taxa from a geographic area and save it to csv file
  def taxa_by_geographic_area
    area = 'China'
    file_name1 = '/tmp/' + area + '_geographic_area_' + Time.now.to_i.to_s + '.csv'
    file_name2 = '/tmp/' + area + '_collection_object_' + Time.now.to_i.to_s + '.csv'
    c1 = GeographicArea.where(name: area).pluck(:id)
    c2 = GeographicArea.where("parent_id in (?)", c1).pluck(:id)
    c3 = GeographicArea.where("parent_id in (?)", c2).pluck(:id)
    c = c1 + c2 + c3
    ad = AssertedDistribution.where("geographic_area_id in (?)", c)

    CSV.open(file_name1, 'w') do |csv|
      csv << ['genus', 'species', 'geographic_area']
      ad.find_each do |z|
        tn = z.otu&.taxon_name&.valid_taxon_name
        unless tn.nil?
          ga, gn, sp = nil, nil, nil
          if z.geographic_area.name == area
            ga = area
          elsif z.geographic_area.parent.name == area
            ga = area + ', ' + z.geographic_area.name
          elsif z.geographic_area.parent.parent.name == area
            ga = area + ', ' + z.geographic_area.parent.name + ', ' + z.geographic_area.name
          end
          sp = tn.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn.cached_author_year.to_s
          tn1 = tn.ancestor_at_rank('genus')
          unless tn1.nil?
            gn = tn1&.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn1&.cached_author_year.to_s
            csv << [gn, sp, ga]
          end
        end
      end
    end

    co = CollectionObject.joins(:collecting_event).where("collecting_events.geographic_area_id in (?)", c)

    CSV.open(file_name2, 'w') do |csv|
      csv << ['genus', 'species', 'geographic_area', 'lat', 'long']
      co.find_each do |z|
        tn = z.taxon_determinations.last&.otu&.taxon_name&.valid_taxon_name
        unless tn.nil?
          ga, gn, sp, lat, long = nil, nil, nil, nil, nil
          ce = z.collecting_event.geographic_area
          if ce.name == area
            ga = area
          elsif ce.parent.name == area
            ga = area + ', ' + ce.name
          elsif ce.parent.parent.name == area
            ga = area + ', ' + ce.parent.name + ', ' + ce.name
          end
          lat_long = z.collecting_event&.georeferences&.last&.geographic_item&.to_a
          if !lat_long.nil? && lat_long.length == 2
            lat = lat_long[1]
            long = lat_long[0]
          end

          sp = tn.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn.cached_author_year.to_s
          tn1 = tn.ancestor_at_rank('genus')
          unless tn1.nil?
            gn = tn1&.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn1&.cached_author_year.to_s
            csv << [gn, sp, ga, lat, long]
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end

  protected

  def check_required_fields
    if taxon_name_id.blank? && name.blank?
      errors.add(:taxon_name_id, 'and/or name should be selected')
      errors.add(:name, 'and/or taxon name should be selected')
    end
  end

  def sv_taxon_name
    soft_validations.add(:taxon_name_id, 'Nomenclature (taxon name) is not assigned') if taxon_name_id.nil?
  end

  def sv_duplicate_otu
    unless Otu.with_taxon_name_id(taxon_name_id).with_name(name).not_self(self).with_project_id(project_id).empty?
      m = "Another OTU with an identical nomenclature (taxon name) and name exists in this project"
      soft_validations.add(:base, m )
    end
  end

end

#project_id ⇒ Integer

the project ID

Returns:

  • (Integer) 


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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 24

class Otu < ApplicationRecord
  include Housekeeping
  include SoftValidation
  # include Shared::AlternateValues   # No alternate values on Name!!
  include Shared::Citations          # TODO: have to think hard about this vs. using Nico's framework
  include Shared::DataAttributes
  include Shared::Identifiers
  include Shared::Notes
  include Shared::Tags
  include Shared::Depictions
  include Shared::Loanable
  include Shared::Confidences
  include Shared::Observations
  include Shared::BiologicalAssociations
  include Shared::HasPapertrail
  include Shared::OriginRelationship

  include Shared::Taxonomy
  include Otu::DwcExtensions

  include Shared::MatrixHooks::Member
  include Otu::MatrixHooks

  include Shared::IsData

  is_origin_for 'Sequence', 'Extract'

  GRAPH_ENTRY_POINTS = [:asserted_distributions, :biological_associations, :common_names, :contents, :data_attributes]

  belongs_to :taxon_name, inverse_of: :otus
  belongs_to :protonym, -> { where(type: 'Protonym') }, foreign_key: :taxon_name_id

  has_many :asserted_distributions, inverse_of: :otu, dependent: :restrict_with_error

  has_many :biological_associations, as: :biological_association_subject, inverse_of: :biological_association_subject, dependent: :restrict_with_error
  has_many :related_biological_associations, as: :biological_association_object, inverse_of: :biological_association_object, class_name: 'BiologicalAssociation', dependent: :restrict_with_error

  has_many :taxon_determinations, inverse_of: :otu, dependent: :destroy # TODO: change
  has_many :collection_objects, through: :taxon_determinations, source: :biological_collection_object, inverse_of: :otus
  has_many :type_materials, through: :protonym

  has_many :extracts, through: :collection_objects, source: :extracts
  has_many :sequences, through: :extracts, source: :derived_sequences

  has_many :collecting_events, -> { distinct }, through: :collection_objects
  has_many :common_names, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :collection_profiles, dependent: :restrict_with_error  # @proceps dependent: what? DD: profile should never be update, a new profile should be created insted
  
  has_many :contents, inverse_of: :otu, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :public_contents, inverse_of: :otu, dependent: :destroy

  has_many :geographic_areas_from_asserted_distributions, through: :asserted_distributions, source: :geographic_area
  has_many :geographic_areas_from_collecting_events, through: :collecting_events, source: :geographic_area
  has_many :georeferences, through: :collecting_events

  has_many :content_topics, through: :contents, source: :topic

  scope :with_taxon_name_id, -> (taxon_name_id) { where(taxon_name_id: taxon_name_id) }
  scope :with_name, -> (name) { where(name: name) }

  validate :check_required_fields

  soft_validate(:sv_taxon_name, set: :taxon_name)
  soft_validate(:sv_duplicate_otu, set: :duplicate_otu)

  accepts_nested_attributes_for :common_names, allow_destroy: true

  # @return Scope
  def self.alphabetically
    includes(:taxon_name).select('otus.*, taxon_names.cached').references(:taxon_names).order('taxon_names.cached ASC')
  end

  # @param [Integer] otu_id
  # @param [String] rank_class
  # @return [Scope]
  #    Otu.joins(:taxon_name).where(taxon_name: q).to_sql
  def self.self_and_descendants_of(otu_id, rank_class = nil)
    if o = Otu.joins(:taxon_name).find(otu_id)
      if rank_class.nil?
        joins(:taxon_name).
          where('cached_valid_taxon_name_id IN (?)', o.taxon_name.self_and_descendants.pluck(:id)) #this also covers synonyms of self
      else
        joins(:taxon_name).
          where('cached_valid_taxon_name_id IN (?)', o.taxon_name.self_and_descendants.pluck(:id)).
          where( 'taxon_names.rank_class = ?', rank_class)
      end
    else # no taxon name just return self in scope
      Otu.where(id: otu_id)
    end
  end

  # @return [Otu::ActiveRecordRelation]
  #
  # All OTUs that are synonymous/same/matching target, for either
  #    historical and pragmatic (i.e. share the same `taxon_name_id`), or
  #    nomenclatural reasons (are synonyms of the taxon name). Includes self.
  #
  def self.coordinate_otus(otu_id)
    begin
      i = Otu.joins(:taxon_name).find(otu_id)
      j = i.taxon_name.cached_valid_taxon_name_id
      o = Otu.arel_table
      t = TaxonName.arel_table

      q = o.join(t, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin).on(
        o[:taxon_name_id].eq( t[:id] ).and(t[:cached_valid_taxon_name_id].eq(j))
      )

      Otu.joins(q.join_sources)
    rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
      Otu.where(id: otu_id)
    end
  end

  # TODO: This is coordinate otus with children, 
  #       It should probably be renamed coordinate
  # @return [Otu::ActiveRecordRelation]
  #   all OTUs linked to the taxon_name_id, it descendants, and
  #   any synonym of any of the previous
  #   linked directly to the taxon name
  #   !! Invalid taxon_name_ids return nothing
  #   !! Taxon names with synonyms return the OTUs of their synonyms
  # @param taxon_name_id [The id of a valid TaxonName]
  def self.descendant_of_taxon_name(taxon_name_id)
    o = Otu.arel_table
    t = TaxonName.arel_table
    h = TaxonNameHierarchy.arel_table

    q = o.join(t, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin).on(
      o[:taxon_name_id].eq( t[:id]))
      .join(h, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin).on(
        t[:cached_valid_taxon_name_id].eq(h[:descendant_id]))

    Otu.joins(q.join_sources).where(h[:ancestor_id].eq(taxon_name_id).to_sql)
  end

  # return [Scope] the Otus bound to that taxon name and its descendants
  def self.for_taxon_name(taxon_name)
    if taxon_name.kind_of?(String) || taxon_name.kind_of?(Integer)
      tn = TaxonName.find(taxon_name)
    else
      tn = taxon_name
    end
    Otu.joins(taxon_name: [:ancestor_hierarchies]).where(taxon_name_hierarchies: {ancestor_id: tn.id})
  end

  # TODO: This need to be renamed to reflect "simple" association
  def self.batch_preview(file: nil, ** args)
    # f     = CSV.read(file, headers: true, col_sep: "\t", skip_blanks: true, header_converters: :symbol)
    @otus = []
    File.open(file).each do |row|
      name = row.strip
      next if name.blank?
      @otus.push(Otu.new(name: row.strip))
    end
    @otus
  end

  def self.batch_create(otus: {}, ** args)
    new_otus = []
    begin
      Otu.transaction do
        otus.each_key do |k|
          o = Otu.new(otus[k])
          o.save!
          new_otus.push(o)
        end
      end
    rescue
      return false
    end
    new_otus
  end

  # @param used_on [String] required, one of `AssertedDistribution`, `Content`, `BiologicalAssociation`, `TaxonDetermination`
  # @return [Scope]
  #   the max 10 most recently used otus, as `used_on`
  def self.used_recently(user_id, project_id, used_on = '')
    t = case used_on
        when 'AssertedDistribution'
          AssertedDistribution.arel_table
        when 'Content'
          Content.arel_table
        when 'BiologicalAssociation'
          BiologicalAssociation.arel_table
        when 'TaxonDetermination'
          TaxonDetermination.arel_table
        else
          return Otu.none
        end

    p = Otu.arel_table

    # i is a select manager
    i = case used_on
        when 'BiologicalAssociation'
          t.project(t['biological_association_object_id'], t['updated_at']).from(t)
            .where(
              t['updated_at'].gt(1.weeks.ago).and(
                t['biological_association_object_type'].eq('Otu')
              )
            )
              .where(t['created_by_id'].eq(user_id))
              .where(t['project_id'].eq(project_id))
              .order(t['updated_at'].desc)
        else
          t.project(t['otu_id'], t['updated_at']).from(t)
            .where(t['updated_at'].gt( 1.weeks.ago ))
            .where(t['created_by_id'].eq(user_id))
            .where(t['project_id'].eq(project_id))
            .order(t['updated_at'].desc)
        end

    z = i.as('recent_t')

    case used_on
    when 'BiologicalAssociation'
      j = Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin.new(z, Arel::Nodes::On.new(
        z['biological_association_object_id'].eq(p['id'])
      ))
    else
      j = Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin.new(z, Arel::Nodes::On.new(z['otu_id'].eq(p['id'])))
    end

    Otu.joins(j).pluck(:id).uniq
  end

  # @params target [String] required, one of nil, `AssertedDistribution`, `Content`, `BiologicalAssociation`, 'TaxonDetermination'
  # @return [Hash] otus optimized for user selection
  def self.select_optimized(user_id, project_id, target = nil)
    r = used_recently(user_id, project_id, target)
    h = {
      quick: [],
      pinboard: Otu.pinned_by(user_id).where(project_id: project_id).to_a,
      recent: []
    }

    if target && !r.empty?
      h[:recent] = (
        Otu.where('"otus"."id" IN (?)', r.first(10) ).to_a +
        Otu.where(project_id: project_id, created_by_id: user_id, created_at: 3.hours.ago..Time.now)
        .order('updated_at DESC')
        .limit(3).to_a
      ).uniq.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
      h[:quick] = (
        Otu.pinned_by(user_id).pinboard_inserted.where(project_id: project_id).to_a +
        Otu.where('"otus"."id" IN (?)', r.first(4) ).to_a).uniq.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
    else
      h[:recent] = Otu.where(project_id: project_id).order('updated_at DESC').limit(10).to_a.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
      h[:quick] = Otu.pinned_by(user_id).pinboard_inserted.where(pinboard_items: {project_id: project_id}).to_a.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
    end

    h
  end

  def current_collection_objects
    collection_objects.where(taxon_determinations: {position: 1})
  end

  # @return [Boolean]
  #   whether or not this otu is coordinate (see coordinate_otus) with this otu
  def coordinate_with?(otu_id)
    Otu.coordinate_otus(otu_id).where(otus: {id: id}).any?
  end

  # TODO: Deprecate for helper method, HTML does not belong here
  def otu_name
    if !name.blank?
      name
    elsif !taxon_name_id.nil?
      taxon_name.cached_html_name_and_author_year
    else
      nil
    end
  end

  # TODO: move to helper method likely
  def distribution_geoJSON
    a_ds = Gis::GeoJSON.feature_collection(geographic_areas_from_asserted_distributions, :asserted_distributions)
    c_os = Gis::GeoJSON.feature_collection(collecting_events, :collecting_events_georeferences)
    c_es = Gis::GeoJSON.feature_collection(geographic_areas_from_collecting_events, :collecting_events_geographic_area)
    Gis::GeoJSON.aggregation([a_ds, c_os, c_es], :distribution)
  end

  # TODO: need's spec
  # A convienence method to wrap coordinate_otus and descendant_of_taxon_name
  # @return Scope
  def coordinate_otus_with_children
    if taxon_name_id.nil?
      Otu.coordinate_otus(id)
    else
      Otu.descendant_of_taxon_name(taxon_name.valid_taxon_name.id)     
    end
  end

  # @return [Array]
  #   of ancestral otu_ids
  # !! This method does not fork, as soon as 2 ancestors are
  # !! hit the list terminates.
  def ancestor_otu_ids(prefer_unlabelled_otus: true)
    ids =  []
    a = parent_otu_id(prefer_unlabelled_otus: true)
    while a
      ids.push a
      b = Otu.find(a)
      a = b.parent_otu_id(prefer_unlabelled_otus: true)
    end
    ids
  end

  # @return [Array]
  #   all bilogical associations this Otu is part of
  def all_biological_associations
    # !! If self relationships are ever made possible this needs a DISTINCT clause
    BiologicalAssociation.find_by_sql(
      "SELECT biological_associations.*
         FROM biological_associations
         WHERE biological_associations.biological_association_subject_id = #{self.id}
           AND biological_associations.biological_association_subject_type = 'Otu'
       UNION
       SELECT biological_associations.*
         FROM biological_associations
         WHERE biological_associations.biological_association_object_id = #{self.id}
           AND biological_associations.biological_association_object_type = 'Otu' ")
  end

  # @return [Otu#id, nil, false]
  #  nil - there is no OTU parent with a valid taxon name possible
  #  false - there is > 1 OTU parent with a valid taxon name possible
  #  id - the (unambiguous) id of the nearest parent OTU attached to a valid taoxn name
  #
  #  Note this is used CoLDP export. Do not change without considerations there.
  def parent_otu_id(skip_ranks: [], prefer_unlabelled_otus: false)
    return nil if taxon_name_id.nil?

    # TODO: Unify to a single query

    candidates = TaxonName.joins(:otus, :descendant_hierarchies)
      .that_is_valid
      .where.not(id: taxon_name_id)
      .where(taxon_name_hierarchies: {descendant_id: taxon_name_id})
      .where.not(rank_class: skip_ranks)
      .order('taxon_name_hierarchies.generations')
      .limit(1)
      .pluck(:id)

    if candidates.size == 1
      otus = Otu.where(taxon_name_id: candidates.first).to_a
      otus.select! { |o| o.name.nil? } if prefer_unlabelled_otus && otus.size > 1

      if otus.size == 1
        return otus.first.id
      elsif otus.size > 1
        return false
      else
        return nil
      end
    else
      return nil
    end
  end

  # temporary method to gent list of taxa from a geographic area and save it to csv file
  def taxa_by_geographic_area
    area = 'China'
    file_name1 = '/tmp/' + area + '_geographic_area_' + Time.now.to_i.to_s + '.csv'
    file_name2 = '/tmp/' + area + '_collection_object_' + Time.now.to_i.to_s + '.csv'
    c1 = GeographicArea.where(name: area).pluck(:id)
    c2 = GeographicArea.where("parent_id in (?)", c1).pluck(:id)
    c3 = GeographicArea.where("parent_id in (?)", c2).pluck(:id)
    c = c1 + c2 + c3
    ad = AssertedDistribution.where("geographic_area_id in (?)", c)

    CSV.open(file_name1, 'w') do |csv|
      csv << ['genus', 'species', 'geographic_area']
      ad.find_each do |z|
        tn = z.otu&.taxon_name&.valid_taxon_name
        unless tn.nil?
          ga, gn, sp = nil, nil, nil
          if z.geographic_area.name == area
            ga = area
          elsif z.geographic_area.parent.name == area
            ga = area + ', ' + z.geographic_area.name
          elsif z.geographic_area.parent.parent.name == area
            ga = area + ', ' + z.geographic_area.parent.name + ', ' + z.geographic_area.name
          end
          sp = tn.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn.cached_author_year.to_s
          tn1 = tn.ancestor_at_rank('genus')
          unless tn1.nil?
            gn = tn1&.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn1&.cached_author_year.to_s
            csv << [gn, sp, ga]
          end
        end
      end
    end

    co = CollectionObject.joins(:collecting_event).where("collecting_events.geographic_area_id in (?)", c)

    CSV.open(file_name2, 'w') do |csv|
      csv << ['genus', 'species', 'geographic_area', 'lat', 'long']
      co.find_each do |z|
        tn = z.taxon_determinations.last&.otu&.taxon_name&.valid_taxon_name
        unless tn.nil?
          ga, gn, sp, lat, long = nil, nil, nil, nil, nil
          ce = z.collecting_event.geographic_area
          if ce.name == area
            ga = area
          elsif ce.parent.name == area
            ga = area + ', ' + ce.name
          elsif ce.parent.parent.name == area
            ga = area + ', ' + ce.parent.name + ', ' + ce.name
          end
          lat_long = z.collecting_event&.georeferences&.last&.geographic_item&.to_a
          if !lat_long.nil? && lat_long.length == 2
            lat = lat_long[1]
            long = lat_long[0]
          end

          sp = tn.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn.cached_author_year.to_s
          tn1 = tn.ancestor_at_rank('genus')
          unless tn1.nil?
            gn = tn1&.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn1&.cached_author_year.to_s
            csv << [gn, sp, ga, lat, long]
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end

  protected

  def check_required_fields
    if taxon_name_id.blank? && name.blank?
      errors.add(:taxon_name_id, 'and/or name should be selected')
      errors.add(:name, 'and/or taxon name should be selected')
    end
  end

  def sv_taxon_name
    soft_validations.add(:taxon_name_id, 'Nomenclature (taxon name) is not assigned') if taxon_name_id.nil?
  end

  def sv_duplicate_otu
    unless Otu.with_taxon_name_id(taxon_name_id).with_name(name).not_self(self).with_project_id(project_id).empty?
      m = "Another OTU with an identical nomenclature (taxon name) and name exists in this project"
      soft_validations.add(:base, m )
    end
  end

end

#taxon_name_id ⇒ Integer

The id of the nomenclatural name for this OTU. The presence of a nomenclatural name carries no biological meaning, it is simply a means to organize concepts within a nomenclatural system.

Returns:

  • (Integer) 


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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 24

class Otu < ApplicationRecord
  include Housekeeping
  include SoftValidation
  # include Shared::AlternateValues   # No alternate values on Name!!
  include Shared::Citations          # TODO: have to think hard about this vs. using Nico's framework
  include Shared::DataAttributes
  include Shared::Identifiers
  include Shared::Notes
  include Shared::Tags
  include Shared::Depictions
  include Shared::Loanable
  include Shared::Confidences
  include Shared::Observations
  include Shared::BiologicalAssociations
  include Shared::HasPapertrail
  include Shared::OriginRelationship

  include Shared::Taxonomy
  include Otu::DwcExtensions

  include Shared::MatrixHooks::Member
  include Otu::MatrixHooks

  include Shared::IsData

  is_origin_for 'Sequence', 'Extract'

  GRAPH_ENTRY_POINTS = [:asserted_distributions, :biological_associations, :common_names, :contents, :data_attributes]

  belongs_to :taxon_name, inverse_of: :otus
  belongs_to :protonym, -> { where(type: 'Protonym') }, foreign_key: :taxon_name_id

  has_many :asserted_distributions, inverse_of: :otu, dependent: :restrict_with_error

  has_many :biological_associations, as: :biological_association_subject, inverse_of: :biological_association_subject, dependent: :restrict_with_error
  has_many :related_biological_associations, as: :biological_association_object, inverse_of: :biological_association_object, class_name: 'BiologicalAssociation', dependent: :restrict_with_error

  has_many :taxon_determinations, inverse_of: :otu, dependent: :destroy # TODO: change
  has_many :collection_objects, through: :taxon_determinations, source: :biological_collection_object, inverse_of: :otus
  has_many :type_materials, through: :protonym

  has_many :extracts, through: :collection_objects, source: :extracts
  has_many :sequences, through: :extracts, source: :derived_sequences

  has_many :collecting_events, -> { distinct }, through: :collection_objects
  has_many :common_names, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :collection_profiles, dependent: :restrict_with_error  # @proceps dependent: what? DD: profile should never be update, a new profile should be created insted
  
  has_many :contents, inverse_of: :otu, dependent: :destroy
  has_many :public_contents, inverse_of: :otu, dependent: :destroy

  has_many :geographic_areas_from_asserted_distributions, through: :asserted_distributions, source: :geographic_area
  has_many :geographic_areas_from_collecting_events, through: :collecting_events, source: :geographic_area
  has_many :georeferences, through: :collecting_events

  has_many :content_topics, through: :contents, source: :topic

  scope :with_taxon_name_id, -> (taxon_name_id) { where(taxon_name_id: taxon_name_id) }
  scope :with_name, -> (name) { where(name: name) }

  validate :check_required_fields

  soft_validate(:sv_taxon_name, set: :taxon_name)
  soft_validate(:sv_duplicate_otu, set: :duplicate_otu)

  accepts_nested_attributes_for :common_names, allow_destroy: true

  # @return Scope
  def self.alphabetically
    includes(:taxon_name).select('otus.*, taxon_names.cached').references(:taxon_names).order('taxon_names.cached ASC')
  end

  # @param [Integer] otu_id
  # @param [String] rank_class
  # @return [Scope]
  #    Otu.joins(:taxon_name).where(taxon_name: q).to_sql
  def self.self_and_descendants_of(otu_id, rank_class = nil)
    if o = Otu.joins(:taxon_name).find(otu_id)
      if rank_class.nil?
        joins(:taxon_name).
          where('cached_valid_taxon_name_id IN (?)', o.taxon_name.self_and_descendants.pluck(:id)) #this also covers synonyms of self
      else
        joins(:taxon_name).
          where('cached_valid_taxon_name_id IN (?)', o.taxon_name.self_and_descendants.pluck(:id)).
          where( 'taxon_names.rank_class = ?', rank_class)
      end
    else # no taxon name just return self in scope
      Otu.where(id: otu_id)
    end
  end

  # @return [Otu::ActiveRecordRelation]
  #
  # All OTUs that are synonymous/same/matching target, for either
  #    historical and pragmatic (i.e. share the same `taxon_name_id`), or
  #    nomenclatural reasons (are synonyms of the taxon name). Includes self.
  #
  def self.coordinate_otus(otu_id)
    begin
      i = Otu.joins(:taxon_name).find(otu_id)
      j = i.taxon_name.cached_valid_taxon_name_id
      o = Otu.arel_table
      t = TaxonName.arel_table

      q = o.join(t, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin).on(
        o[:taxon_name_id].eq( t[:id] ).and(t[:cached_valid_taxon_name_id].eq(j))
      )

      Otu.joins(q.join_sources)
    rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
      Otu.where(id: otu_id)
    end
  end

  # TODO: This is coordinate otus with children, 
  #       It should probably be renamed coordinate
  # @return [Otu::ActiveRecordRelation]
  #   all OTUs linked to the taxon_name_id, it descendants, and
  #   any synonym of any of the previous
  #   linked directly to the taxon name
  #   !! Invalid taxon_name_ids return nothing
  #   !! Taxon names with synonyms return the OTUs of their synonyms
  # @param taxon_name_id [The id of a valid TaxonName]
  def self.descendant_of_taxon_name(taxon_name_id)
    o = Otu.arel_table
    t = TaxonName.arel_table
    h = TaxonNameHierarchy.arel_table

    q = o.join(t, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin).on(
      o[:taxon_name_id].eq( t[:id]))
      .join(h, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin).on(
        t[:cached_valid_taxon_name_id].eq(h[:descendant_id]))

    Otu.joins(q.join_sources).where(h[:ancestor_id].eq(taxon_name_id).to_sql)
  end

  # return [Scope] the Otus bound to that taxon name and its descendants
  def self.for_taxon_name(taxon_name)
    if taxon_name.kind_of?(String) || taxon_name.kind_of?(Integer)
      tn = TaxonName.find(taxon_name)
    else
      tn = taxon_name
    end
    Otu.joins(taxon_name: [:ancestor_hierarchies]).where(taxon_name_hierarchies: {ancestor_id: tn.id})
  end

  # TODO: This need to be renamed to reflect "simple" association
  def self.batch_preview(file: nil, ** args)
    # f     = CSV.read(file, headers: true, col_sep: "\t", skip_blanks: true, header_converters: :symbol)
    @otus = []
    File.open(file).each do |row|
      name = row.strip
      next if name.blank?
      @otus.push(Otu.new(name: row.strip))
    end
    @otus
  end

  def self.batch_create(otus: {}, ** args)
    new_otus = []
    begin
      Otu.transaction do
        otus.each_key do |k|
          o = Otu.new(otus[k])
          o.save!
          new_otus.push(o)
        end
      end
    rescue
      return false
    end
    new_otus
  end

  # @param used_on [String] required, one of `AssertedDistribution`, `Content`, `BiologicalAssociation`, `TaxonDetermination`
  # @return [Scope]
  #   the max 10 most recently used otus, as `used_on`
  def self.used_recently(user_id, project_id, used_on = '')
    t = case used_on
        when 'AssertedDistribution'
          AssertedDistribution.arel_table
        when 'Content'
          Content.arel_table
        when 'BiologicalAssociation'
          BiologicalAssociation.arel_table
        when 'TaxonDetermination'
          TaxonDetermination.arel_table
        else
          return Otu.none
        end

    p = Otu.arel_table

    # i is a select manager
    i = case used_on
        when 'BiologicalAssociation'
          t.project(t['biological_association_object_id'], t['updated_at']).from(t)
            .where(
              t['updated_at'].gt(1.weeks.ago).and(
                t['biological_association_object_type'].eq('Otu')
              )
            )
              .where(t['created_by_id'].eq(user_id))
              .where(t['project_id'].eq(project_id))
              .order(t['updated_at'].desc)
        else
          t.project(t['otu_id'], t['updated_at']).from(t)
            .where(t['updated_at'].gt( 1.weeks.ago ))
            .where(t['created_by_id'].eq(user_id))
            .where(t['project_id'].eq(project_id))
            .order(t['updated_at'].desc)
        end

    z = i.as('recent_t')

    case used_on
    when 'BiologicalAssociation'
      j = Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin.new(z, Arel::Nodes::On.new(
        z['biological_association_object_id'].eq(p['id'])
      ))
    else
      j = Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin.new(z, Arel::Nodes::On.new(z['otu_id'].eq(p['id'])))
    end

    Otu.joins(j).pluck(:id).uniq
  end

  # @params target [String] required, one of nil, `AssertedDistribution`, `Content`, `BiologicalAssociation`, 'TaxonDetermination'
  # @return [Hash] otus optimized for user selection
  def self.select_optimized(user_id, project_id, target = nil)
    r = used_recently(user_id, project_id, target)
    h = {
      quick: [],
      pinboard: Otu.pinned_by(user_id).where(project_id: project_id).to_a,
      recent: []
    }

    if target && !r.empty?
      h[:recent] = (
        Otu.where('"otus"."id" IN (?)', r.first(10) ).to_a +
        Otu.where(project_id: project_id, created_by_id: user_id, created_at: 3.hours.ago..Time.now)
        .order('updated_at DESC')
        .limit(3).to_a
      ).uniq.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
      h[:quick] = (
        Otu.pinned_by(user_id).pinboard_inserted.where(project_id: project_id).to_a +
        Otu.where('"otus"."id" IN (?)', r.first(4) ).to_a).uniq.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
    else
      h[:recent] = Otu.where(project_id: project_id).order('updated_at DESC').limit(10).to_a.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
      h[:quick] = Otu.pinned_by(user_id).pinboard_inserted.where(pinboard_items: {project_id: project_id}).to_a.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
    end

    h
  end

  def current_collection_objects
    collection_objects.where(taxon_determinations: {position: 1})
  end

  # @return [Boolean]
  #   whether or not this otu is coordinate (see coordinate_otus) with this otu
  def coordinate_with?(otu_id)
    Otu.coordinate_otus(otu_id).where(otus: {id: id}).any?
  end

  # TODO: Deprecate for helper method, HTML does not belong here
  def otu_name
    if !name.blank?
      name
    elsif !taxon_name_id.nil?
      taxon_name.cached_html_name_and_author_year
    else
      nil
    end
  end

  # TODO: move to helper method likely
  def distribution_geoJSON
    a_ds = Gis::GeoJSON.feature_collection(geographic_areas_from_asserted_distributions, :asserted_distributions)
    c_os = Gis::GeoJSON.feature_collection(collecting_events, :collecting_events_georeferences)
    c_es = Gis::GeoJSON.feature_collection(geographic_areas_from_collecting_events, :collecting_events_geographic_area)
    Gis::GeoJSON.aggregation([a_ds, c_os, c_es], :distribution)
  end

  # TODO: need's spec
  # A convienence method to wrap coordinate_otus and descendant_of_taxon_name
  # @return Scope
  def coordinate_otus_with_children
    if taxon_name_id.nil?
      Otu.coordinate_otus(id)
    else
      Otu.descendant_of_taxon_name(taxon_name.valid_taxon_name.id)     
    end
  end

  # @return [Array]
  #   of ancestral otu_ids
  # !! This method does not fork, as soon as 2 ancestors are
  # !! hit the list terminates.
  def ancestor_otu_ids(prefer_unlabelled_otus: true)
    ids =  []
    a = parent_otu_id(prefer_unlabelled_otus: true)
    while a
      ids.push a
      b = Otu.find(a)
      a = b.parent_otu_id(prefer_unlabelled_otus: true)
    end
    ids
  end

  # @return [Array]
  #   all bilogical associations this Otu is part of
  def all_biological_associations
    # !! If self relationships are ever made possible this needs a DISTINCT clause
    BiologicalAssociation.find_by_sql(
      "SELECT biological_associations.*
         FROM biological_associations
         WHERE biological_associations.biological_association_subject_id = #{self.id}
           AND biological_associations.biological_association_subject_type = 'Otu'
       UNION
       SELECT biological_associations.*
         FROM biological_associations
         WHERE biological_associations.biological_association_object_id = #{self.id}
           AND biological_associations.biological_association_object_type = 'Otu' ")
  end

  # @return [Otu#id, nil, false]
  #  nil - there is no OTU parent with a valid taxon name possible
  #  false - there is > 1 OTU parent with a valid taxon name possible
  #  id - the (unambiguous) id of the nearest parent OTU attached to a valid taoxn name
  #
  #  Note this is used CoLDP export. Do not change without considerations there.
  def parent_otu_id(skip_ranks: [], prefer_unlabelled_otus: false)
    return nil if taxon_name_id.nil?

    # TODO: Unify to a single query

    candidates = TaxonName.joins(:otus, :descendant_hierarchies)
      .that_is_valid
      .where.not(id: taxon_name_id)
      .where(taxon_name_hierarchies: {descendant_id: taxon_name_id})
      .where.not(rank_class: skip_ranks)
      .order('taxon_name_hierarchies.generations')
      .limit(1)
      .pluck(:id)

    if candidates.size == 1
      otus = Otu.where(taxon_name_id: candidates.first).to_a
      otus.select! { |o| o.name.nil? } if prefer_unlabelled_otus && otus.size > 1

      if otus.size == 1
        return otus.first.id
      elsif otus.size > 1
        return false
      else
        return nil
      end
    else
      return nil
    end
  end

  # temporary method to gent list of taxa from a geographic area and save it to csv file
  def taxa_by_geographic_area
    area = 'China'
    file_name1 = '/tmp/' + area + '_geographic_area_' + Time.now.to_i.to_s + '.csv'
    file_name2 = '/tmp/' + area + '_collection_object_' + Time.now.to_i.to_s + '.csv'
    c1 = GeographicArea.where(name: area).pluck(:id)
    c2 = GeographicArea.where("parent_id in (?)", c1).pluck(:id)
    c3 = GeographicArea.where("parent_id in (?)", c2).pluck(:id)
    c = c1 + c2 + c3
    ad = AssertedDistribution.where("geographic_area_id in (?)", c)

    CSV.open(file_name1, 'w') do |csv|
      csv << ['genus', 'species', 'geographic_area']
      ad.find_each do |z|
        tn = z.otu&.taxon_name&.valid_taxon_name
        unless tn.nil?
          ga, gn, sp = nil, nil, nil
          if z.geographic_area.name == area
            ga = area
          elsif z.geographic_area.parent.name == area
            ga = area + ', ' + z.geographic_area.name
          elsif z.geographic_area.parent.parent.name == area
            ga = area + ', ' + z.geographic_area.parent.name + ', ' + z.geographic_area.name
          end
          sp = tn.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn.cached_author_year.to_s
          tn1 = tn.ancestor_at_rank('genus')
          unless tn1.nil?
            gn = tn1&.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn1&.cached_author_year.to_s
            csv << [gn, sp, ga]
          end
        end
      end
    end

    co = CollectionObject.joins(:collecting_event).where("collecting_events.geographic_area_id in (?)", c)

    CSV.open(file_name2, 'w') do |csv|
      csv << ['genus', 'species', 'geographic_area', 'lat', 'long']
      co.find_each do |z|
        tn = z.taxon_determinations.last&.otu&.taxon_name&.valid_taxon_name
        unless tn.nil?
          ga, gn, sp, lat, long = nil, nil, nil, nil, nil
          ce = z.collecting_event.geographic_area
          if ce.name == area
            ga = area
          elsif ce.parent.name == area
            ga = area + ', ' + ce.name
          elsif ce.parent.parent.name == area
            ga = area + ', ' + ce.parent.name + ', ' + ce.name
          end
          lat_long = z.collecting_event&.georeferences&.last&.geographic_item&.to_a
          if !lat_long.nil? && lat_long.length == 2
            lat = lat_long[1]
            long = lat_long[0]
          end

          sp = tn.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn.cached_author_year.to_s
          tn1 = tn.ancestor_at_rank('genus')
          unless tn1.nil?
            gn = tn1&.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn1&.cached_author_year.to_s
            csv << [gn, sp, ga, lat, long]
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end

  protected

  def check_required_fields
    if taxon_name_id.blank? && name.blank?
      errors.add(:taxon_name_id, 'and/or name should be selected')
      errors.add(:name, 'and/or taxon name should be selected')
    end
  end

  def sv_taxon_name
    soft_validations.add(:taxon_name_id, 'Nomenclature (taxon name) is not assigned') if taxon_name_id.nil?
  end

  def sv_duplicate_otu
    unless Otu.with_taxon_name_id(taxon_name_id).with_name(name).not_self(self).with_project_id(project_id).empty?
      m = "Another OTU with an identical nomenclature (taxon name) and name exists in this project"
      soft_validations.add(:base, m )
    end
  end

end

Class Method Details

.alphabetically ⇒ Object

Returns Scope.

Returns:

  • Scope



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 92

def self.alphabetically
  includes(:taxon_name).select('otus.*, taxon_names.cached').references(:taxon_names).order('taxon_names.cached ASC')
end

.batch_create(otus: {}, **args) ⇒ Object 



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 182

def self.batch_create(otus: {}, ** args)
  new_otus = []
  begin
    Otu.transaction do
      otus.each_key do |k|
        o = Otu.new(otus[k])
        o.save!
        new_otus.push(o)
      end
    end
  rescue
    return false
  end
  new_otus
end

.batch_preview(file: nil, **args) ⇒ Object

TODO: This need to be renamed to reflect “simple” association



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 171

def self.batch_preview(file: nil, ** args)
  # f     = CSV.read(file, headers: true, col_sep: "\t", skip_blanks: true, header_converters: :symbol)
  @otus = []
  File.open(file).each do |row|
    name = row.strip
    next if name.blank?
    @otus.push(Otu.new(name: row.strip))
  end
  @otus
end

.coordinate_otus(otu_id) ⇒ Otu::ActiveRecordRelation

All OTUs that are synonymous/same/matching target, for either

historical and pragmatic (i.e. share the same `taxon_name_id`), or
nomenclatural reasons (are synonyms of the taxon name). Includes self.

Returns:

  • (Otu::ActiveRecordRelation) 


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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 121

def self.coordinate_otus(otu_id)
  begin
    i = Otu.joins(:taxon_name).find(otu_id)
    j = i.taxon_name.cached_valid_taxon_name_id
    o = Otu.arel_table
    t = TaxonName.arel_table

    q = o.join(t, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin).on(
      o[:taxon_name_id].eq( t[:id] ).and(t[:cached_valid_taxon_name_id].eq(j))
    )

    Otu.joins(q.join_sources)
  rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
    Otu.where(id: otu_id)
  end
end

.descendant_of_taxon_name(taxon_name_id) ⇒ Otu::ActiveRecordRelation

TODO: This is coordinate otus with children, 

It should probably be renamed coordinate

Parameters:

  • taxon_name_id (The id of a valid TaxonName)

Returns:

  • (Otu::ActiveRecordRelation) —

    all OTUs linked to the taxon_name_id, it descendants, and any synonym of any of the previous linked directly to the taxon name !! Invalid taxon_name_ids return nothing !! Taxon names with synonyms return the OTUs of their synonyms



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 147

def self.descendant_of_taxon_name(taxon_name_id)
  o = Otu.arel_table
  t = TaxonName.arel_table
  h = TaxonNameHierarchy.arel_table

  q = o.join(t, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin).on(
    o[:taxon_name_id].eq( t[:id]))
    .join(h, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin).on(
      t[:cached_valid_taxon_name_id].eq(h[:descendant_id]))

  Otu.joins(q.join_sources).where(h[:ancestor_id].eq(taxon_name_id).to_sql)
end

.for_taxon_name(taxon_name) ⇒ Object

return [Scope] the Otus bound to that taxon name and its descendants



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 161

def self.for_taxon_name(taxon_name)
  if taxon_name.kind_of?(String) || taxon_name.kind_of?(Integer)
    tn = TaxonName.find(taxon_name)
  else
    tn = taxon_name
  end
  Otu.joins(taxon_name: [:ancestor_hierarchies]).where(taxon_name_hierarchies: {ancestor_id: tn.id})
end

.select_optimized(user_id, project_id, target = nil) ⇒ Hash

Returns otus optimized for user selection.

Returns:

  • (Hash) —

    otus optimized for user selection



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 253

def self.select_optimized(user_id, project_id, target = nil)
  r = used_recently(user_id, project_id, target)
  h = {
    quick: [],
    pinboard: Otu.pinned_by(user_id).where(project_id: project_id).to_a,
    recent: []
  }

  if target && !r.empty?
    h[:recent] = (
      Otu.where('"otus"."id" IN (?)', r.first(10) ).to_a +
      Otu.where(project_id: project_id, created_by_id: user_id, created_at: 3.hours.ago..Time.now)
      .order('updated_at DESC')
      .limit(3).to_a
    ).uniq.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
    h[:quick] = (
      Otu.pinned_by(user_id).pinboard_inserted.where(project_id: project_id).to_a +
      Otu.where('"otus"."id" IN (?)', r.first(4) ).to_a).uniq.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
  else
    h[:recent] = Otu.where(project_id: project_id).order('updated_at DESC').limit(10).to_a.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
    h[:quick] = Otu.pinned_by(user_id).pinboard_inserted.where(pinboard_items: {project_id: project_id}).to_a.sort{|a,b| a.otu_name <=> b.otu_name}
  end

  h
end

.self_and_descendants_of(otu_id, rank_class = nil) ⇒ Scope

Returns Otu.joins(:taxon_name).where(taxon_name: q).to_sql.

Parameters:

  • otu_id (Integer)
  • rank_class (String) (defaults to: nil)

Returns:

  • (Scope) —

    Otu.joins(:taxon_name).where(taxon_name: q).to_sql



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 100

def self.self_and_descendants_of(otu_id, rank_class = nil)
  if o = Otu.joins(:taxon_name).find(otu_id)
    if rank_class.nil?
      joins(:taxon_name).
        where('cached_valid_taxon_name_id IN (?)', o.taxon_name.self_and_descendants.pluck(:id)) #this also covers synonyms of self
    else
      joins(:taxon_name).
        where('cached_valid_taxon_name_id IN (?)', o.taxon_name.self_and_descendants.pluck(:id)).
        where( 'taxon_names.rank_class = ?', rank_class)
    end
  else # no taxon name just return self in scope
    Otu.where(id: otu_id)
  end
end

.used_recently(user_id, project_id, used_on = '') ⇒ Scope

Returns the max 10 most recently used otus, as `used_on`.

Parameters:

  • used_on (String) (defaults to: '') —

    required, one of `AssertedDistribution`, `Content`, `BiologicalAssociation`, `TaxonDetermination`

Returns:

  • (Scope) —

    the max 10 most recently used otus, as `used_on`



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 201

def self.used_recently(user_id, project_id, used_on = '')
  t = case used_on
      when 'AssertedDistribution'
        AssertedDistribution.arel_table
      when 'Content'
        Content.arel_table
      when 'BiologicalAssociation'
        BiologicalAssociation.arel_table
      when 'TaxonDetermination'
        TaxonDetermination.arel_table
      else
        return Otu.none
      end

  p = Otu.arel_table

  # i is a select manager
  i = case used_on
      when 'BiologicalAssociation'
        t.project(t['biological_association_object_id'], t['updated_at']).from(t)
          .where(
            t['updated_at'].gt(1.weeks.ago).and(
              t['biological_association_object_type'].eq('Otu')
            )
          )
            .where(t['created_by_id'].eq(user_id))
            .where(t['project_id'].eq(project_id))
            .order(t['updated_at'].desc)
      else
        t.project(t['otu_id'], t['updated_at']).from(t)
          .where(t['updated_at'].gt( 1.weeks.ago ))
          .where(t['created_by_id'].eq(user_id))
          .where(t['project_id'].eq(project_id))
          .order(t['updated_at'].desc)
      end

  z = i.as('recent_t')

  case used_on
  when 'BiologicalAssociation'
    j = Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin.new(z, Arel::Nodes::On.new(
      z['biological_association_object_id'].eq(p['id'])
    ))
  else
    j = Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin.new(z, Arel::Nodes::On.new(z['otu_id'].eq(p['id'])))
  end

  Otu.joins(j).pluck(:id).uniq
end

Instance Method Details

#all_biological_associations ⇒ Array

Returns all bilogical associations this Otu is part of.

Returns:

  • (Array) —

    all bilogical associations this Otu is part of



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 336

def all_biological_associations
  # !! If self relationships are ever made possible this needs a DISTINCT clause
  BiologicalAssociation.find_by_sql(
    "SELECT biological_associations.*
       FROM biological_associations
       WHERE biological_associations.biological_association_subject_id = #{self.id}
         AND biological_associations.biological_association_subject_type = 'Otu'
     UNION
     SELECT biological_associations.*
       FROM biological_associations
       WHERE biological_associations.biological_association_object_id = #{self.id}
         AND biological_associations.biological_association_object_type = 'Otu' ")
end

#ancestor_otu_ids(prefer_unlabelled_otus: true) ⇒ Array

!! This method does not fork, as soon as 2 ancestors are !! hit the list terminates.

Returns:

  • (Array) —

    of ancestral otu_ids



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 323

def ancestor_otu_ids(prefer_unlabelled_otus: true)
  ids =  []
  a = parent_otu_id(prefer_unlabelled_otus: true)
  while a
    ids.push a
    b = Otu.find(a)
    a = b.parent_otu_id(prefer_unlabelled_otus: true)
  end
  ids
end

#check_required_fields ⇒ Object (protected) 



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 455

def check_required_fields
  if taxon_name_id.blank? && name.blank?
    errors.add(:taxon_name_id, 'and/or name should be selected')
    errors.add(:name, 'and/or taxon name should be selected')
  end
end

#coordinate_otus_with_children ⇒ Object

TODO: need's spec A convienence method to wrap coordinate_otus and descendant_of_taxon_name

Returns:

  • Scope



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 311

def coordinate_otus_with_children
  if taxon_name_id.nil?
    Otu.coordinate_otus(id)
  else
    Otu.descendant_of_taxon_name(taxon_name.valid_taxon_name.id)     
  end
end

#coordinate_with?(otu_id) ⇒ Boolean

Returns whether or not this otu is coordinate (see coordinate_otus) with this otu.

Returns:

  • (Boolean) —

    whether or not this otu is coordinate (see coordinate_otus) with this otu



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 285

def coordinate_with?(otu_id)
  Otu.coordinate_otus(otu_id).where(otus: {id: id}).any?
end

#current_collection_objects ⇒ Object 



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 279

def current_collection_objects
  collection_objects.where(taxon_determinations: {position: 1})
end

#distribution_geoJSON ⇒ Object

TODO: move to helper method likely



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 301

def distribution_geoJSON
  a_ds = Gis::GeoJSON.feature_collection(geographic_areas_from_asserted_distributions, :asserted_distributions)
  c_os = Gis::GeoJSON.feature_collection(collecting_events, :collecting_events_georeferences)
  c_es = Gis::GeoJSON.feature_collection(geographic_areas_from_collecting_events, :collecting_events_geographic_area)
  Gis::GeoJSON.aggregation([a_ds, c_os, c_es], :distribution)
end

#otu_name ⇒ Object

TODO: Deprecate for helper method, HTML does not belong here



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 290

def otu_name
  if !name.blank?
    name
  elsif !taxon_name_id.nil?
    taxon_name.cached_html_name_and_author_year
  else
    nil
  end
end

#parent_otu_id(skip_ranks: [], prefer_unlabelled_otus: false) ⇒ Otu#id, ...

Returns nil - there is no OTU parent with a valid taxon name possible false - there is > 1 OTU parent with a valid taxon name possible id - the (unambiguous) id of the nearest parent OTU attached to a valid taoxn name

Note this is used CoLDP export. Do not change without considerations there.

Returns:

  • (Otu#id, nil, false) —

    nil - there is no OTU parent with a valid taxon name possible false - there is > 1 OTU parent with a valid taxon name possible id - the (unambiguous) id of the nearest parent OTU attached to a valid taoxn name

    Note this is used CoLDP export. Do not change without considerations there.



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 356

def parent_otu_id(skip_ranks: [], prefer_unlabelled_otus: false)
  return nil if taxon_name_id.nil?

  # TODO: Unify to a single query

  candidates = TaxonName.joins(:otus, :descendant_hierarchies)
    .that_is_valid
    .where.not(id: taxon_name_id)
    .where(taxon_name_hierarchies: {descendant_id: taxon_name_id})
    .where.not(rank_class: skip_ranks)
    .order('taxon_name_hierarchies.generations')
    .limit(1)
    .pluck(:id)

  if candidates.size == 1
    otus = Otu.where(taxon_name_id: candidates.first).to_a
    otus.select! { |o| o.name.nil? } if prefer_unlabelled_otus && otus.size > 1

    if otus.size == 1
      return otus.first.id
    elsif otus.size > 1
      return false
    else
      return nil
    end
  else
    return nil
  end
end

#sv_duplicate_otu ⇒ Object (protected) 



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 466

def sv_duplicate_otu
  unless Otu.with_taxon_name_id(taxon_name_id).with_name(name).not_self(self).with_project_id(project_id).empty?
    m = "Another OTU with an identical nomenclature (taxon name) and name exists in this project"
    soft_validations.add(:base, m )
  end
end

#sv_taxon_name ⇒ Object (protected) 



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 462

def sv_taxon_name
  soft_validations.add(:taxon_name_id, 'Nomenclature (taxon name) is not assigned') if taxon_name_id.nil?
end

#taxa_by_geographic_area ⇒ Object

temporary method to gent list of taxa from a geographic area and save it to csv file



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# File 'app/models/otu.rb', line 387

def taxa_by_geographic_area
  area = 'China'
  file_name1 = '/tmp/' + area + '_geographic_area_' + Time.now.to_i.to_s + '.csv'
  file_name2 = '/tmp/' + area + '_collection_object_' + Time.now.to_i.to_s + '.csv'
  c1 = GeographicArea.where(name: area).pluck(:id)
  c2 = GeographicArea.where("parent_id in (?)", c1).pluck(:id)
  c3 = GeographicArea.where("parent_id in (?)", c2).pluck(:id)
  c = c1 + c2 + c3
  ad = AssertedDistribution.where("geographic_area_id in (?)", c)

  CSV.open(file_name1, 'w') do |csv|
    csv << ['genus', 'species', 'geographic_area']
    ad.find_each do |z|
      tn = z.otu&.taxon_name&.valid_taxon_name
      unless tn.nil?
        ga, gn, sp = nil, nil, nil
        if z.geographic_area.name == area
          ga = area
        elsif z.geographic_area.parent.name == area
          ga = area + ', ' + z.geographic_area.name
        elsif z.geographic_area.parent.parent.name == area
          ga = area + ', ' + z.geographic_area.parent.name + ', ' + z.geographic_area.name
        end
        sp = tn.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn.cached_author_year.to_s
        tn1 = tn.ancestor_at_rank('genus')
        unless tn1.nil?
          gn = tn1&.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn1&.cached_author_year.to_s
          csv << [gn, sp, ga]
        end
      end
    end
  end

  co = CollectionObject.joins(:collecting_event).where("collecting_events.geographic_area_id in (?)", c)

  CSV.open(file_name2, 'w') do |csv|
    csv << ['genus', 'species', 'geographic_area', 'lat', 'long']
    co.find_each do |z|
      tn = z.taxon_determinations.last&.otu&.taxon_name&.valid_taxon_name
      unless tn.nil?
        ga, gn, sp, lat, long = nil, nil, nil, nil, nil
        ce = z.collecting_event.geographic_area
        if ce.name == area
          ga = area
        elsif ce.parent.name == area
          ga = area + ', ' + ce.name
        elsif ce.parent.parent.name == area
          ga = area + ', ' + ce.parent.name + ', ' + ce.name
        end
        lat_long = z.collecting_event&.georeferences&.last&.geographic_item&.to_a
        if !lat_long.nil? && lat_long.length == 2
          lat = lat_long[1]
          long = lat_long[0]
        end

        sp = tn.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn.cached_author_year.to_s
        tn1 = tn.ancestor_at_rank('genus')
        unless tn1.nil?
          gn = tn1&.cached.to_s + ' ' + tn1&.cached_author_year.to_s
          csv << [gn, sp, ga, lat, long]
        end
      end
    end
  end
end